A gas turbine, which uses continuous combustion, simply exhausts its gas continuously rather than in a cycle. A heat sink is then used to keep the system running at a consistent temperature. To compress the piston in an intermittent combustion engine, the engine exhausts the gas. By attaching the piston to a crankshaft, the engine is able to convert a portion of the energy input to the system into useful work. With a piston engine, this causes the piston to rise (see Figure 2). When heat is added to the system, it forces gas inside to expand. An internal combustion engine has a chamber, which has fuel added to it which ignites in order to raise the temperature of the gas. Raising the temperature of a gas increases the pressure that makes the gas want to expand. Internal combustion heat engines can be understood by thinking carefully about the ideal gas law: pV=nRT. This can be done using a piston (called a reciprocating engine), or with a turbine. The same fuel and air mixture is then emitted as exhaust. They are named as such because the fuel is ignited in order to do work inside the engine. Internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most common form of heat engines, as they are used in vehicles, boats, ships, airplanes, and trains.
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